A review of the research literature on online learning indicates k-12 students benefit from online models that include a set schedule, live teaching, a mix of synchronous and asynchronous communication, and individualized support and tutoring from mentors or coaches.  

Just as there are a variety of ways to construct and deliver face to face learning, there are as many in online education as well.  As students gear up for back to school, it is important to understand the options. 

Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Learning:

Synchronous classes are live and in real time.  Students must log on at a scheduled time to participate through live video chats. Asynchronous classes are delivered through recorded videos, discussion boards, and emails.   

Students in a synchronous online class might attend school at a certain time everyday.  A synchronous class will include some live instruction and time for both individual and group work.  In asynchronous classrooms, students log-on at any time to complete work and meet deadlines.  Teachers may offer live office hours to answer questions or to provide further explanation and instruction. 

The technology used in online coursework allows for students to work collaboratively in the virtual environment.  Teachers have the ability to create virtual groups and chat rooms for students in synchronous classes.  While in asynchronous classes, students may organize communication themselves through video chats, shared documents, and emails. 

Hybrid Learning: 

A hybrid approach to learning (also called blended learning)  includes both face to face and online instruction. For example, students may attend face to face classes one or two days a week and participate in virtual classes on other days of the week.  The face to face time could be used for direct instruction, group projects, or activities that require specialized equipment available at the school.  While virtual time is used for watching instructional videos, and completing assignments and other forms of assessments. 

Learning Pods: 

A learning pod is a small group of students who meet with one teacher.  Some school districts are using learning pods as a way to keep students and teachers safe in a face to face model.   Others are formed by parents who hire teachers to provide in-home instruction to a small number of students. Like the hybrid model, learning pods may use both face to face and online instruction. 

Individual Tutors: 

Students benefit from individualized attention whether they attend face to face or online schools.  An online tutor can focus on the individual needs of a student and provide real time support for those enrolled in asynchronous classes.  

No matter the format, online learning should be engaging, communicative and supportive.  The best online models include a mix of strategies to meet the needs of all students.